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Tsupu Monastery
Tsupu Monastery (Tsurphu Monastery) is one of the most important monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism’s Karma Kagyu Sect. Located in Ngagar Township, Doilungdeqen District, about 70 kilometers west of Lhasa, the monastery has served as the traditional seat of the successive Garmaba (Karmapa) Living Buddhas, the spiritual leaders of the Karma Kagyu lineage.
Founded in 1189 by the First Karmapa, Düsum Khyenpa, Tsupu Monastery was originally a small religious center. Over centuries, it gradually developed into a large monastic complex spreading across the mountain slopes, with numerous temples, monk residences, and meditation retreats. Today, it remains one of the most influential centers of the Karma Kagyu tradition in Tibet.
The Karma Kagyu Sect is one of the four major branches of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and is often known as the “Black Hat Sect” because of its distinctive black ceremonial crown. The title originated during the time of the Second Karmapa, Karma Pakshi, who promoted Buddhism at the court of the Mongol rulers. The Mongol Khan Möngke granted him a golden seal of authority and a black hat decorated with gold edges, which became a symbol of the Karmapa lineage.
Throughout history, the Karmapas maintained close religious and cultural connections with the Chinese imperial courts. The Fifth Karmapa, Deshin Shekpa, traveled to Nanjing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), where he delivered Buddhist teachings. In recognition of his contribution to the spread of Buddhism, Emperor Yongle granted him the honorary title “Great Treasure Prince of Dharma”, a title later adopted by successive Karmapas.
Tsupu Monastery is surrounded by spectacular natural scenery and sacred landscapes. It sits at the foot of Baima Qoinzong Mountain, with meditation caves and retreat huts located on the surrounding peaks. Nearby stands the Duilungjiang Stone Tablet, an important historical relic dating back to the Tubo Kingdom period (7th–9th centuries), reflecting the long history of Buddhism in the region.
The monastery is also home to many religious traditions and local legends related to the surrounding mountains, rivers, and the relationship between Tibetan Buddhist institutions and the central government throughout history. The 17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, was enthroned at Tsupu Monastery in 1992, continuing the monastery’s role as a major center of the Karma Kagyu lineage.
One of the most important annual events at Tsupu Monastery is the Cham Dance (Tibetan Buddhist ritual dance), usually held during winter and spring. This sacred ceremony features elaborately dressed monks performing symbolic dances accompanied by traditional music, representing the purification of negative forces and the protection of the Buddhist teachings.
With its profound religious significance, rich history, and stunning Himalayan surroundings, Tsupu Monastery offers travelers a unique opportunity to experience the spiritual traditions, architectural heritage, and cultural landscape of Tibetan Buddhism.
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