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Home > TRAVEL GUIDE > Chinese culture > Painting and calligraphy
Ink Rubbing in China
Ink rubbings, or Tapian in Chinese, refers to the paper that copies the shape of stone inscriptions, bronze ware and other cultural relics and the characters and patterns on it. It is an ancient traditional skill in China. It is a skill that uses rice paper and ink to clearly copy the words and patterns on inscriptions and utensils.
 
Rubbings is one of the important way to record Chinese national culture. History, geography, politics, economy, military affairs, ethnic affairs, folklore, literature, art, science and technology, architecture and so on can all be found with useful materials from these rubbling papers. In a broad sense, the rubbings is to cover the rice paper on the surface of the objects to record the patterns and words. The rich quantity and content can be said to cover everything, such as oracle bone bronze, stele epitaph, cliff statues, coin portraits and so on. The narrow sense of rubbings mainly refers to the tablet extension. Many inscriptions have been lost, because of the rubbings handed down, to feel the content and style of the original inscriptions,
 
 
In ancient times, the rubbings technique was still a traditional craft in Chinese culture because of its high difficulty and strict requirements. Chinese rubbings technology is divided into two schools, south and north, and then many branches under them.The stone calligraphy works of ancient time still exist in today’s world in the form of rubbings. Since the Song Dynasty, the "North Stone Tablet , South calligraphy script" briefly summarized the main differences between the north and south factions. The Southern school focuses on the study of inscriptions (ink calligraphy), while the Northern school focuses on the study of Steles (stone carving calligraphy). The two schools of the North and the South were separated by political reasons during the Five Kingdom Period. Through the five dynasties of the kingdoms of Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen, and after the Northern schools, the kingdoms of Zhao, Former Yan, Former Qin, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, and Sui Dynasties formed the current situation in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The Southern School is represented by the Shu School.
 
The main rubbing objects of traditional Chinese rubbings are calligraphy characters on stone tablets, oracle bones and bronze vessels, and they also have a small number of patterns. The rubbings are made differently. Simply, the paper can be covered on the hard plane engraved with the desired content, tilt the pencil tip, gently painted, so that the uneven part of the text is copied to the paper. Traditional Chinese rubbing procedures require that the surface of the stone or bronze surface be washed clean and then poured with clean water. Wet the rice paper, then small rubbings can be moistened with soft brush, large rubbings can be moistened with towel. After wetting, the rice paper is gently applied from top to top, and then a layer of dry rice paper is pasted on the wet rice paper to absorb the excess water, the four corners are fixed, and the rice paper is beaten with a brush to keep the wet rice paper close to the expanded plane, and then the dry rice paper is removed. After the wet rice paper is slightly dry, then dip the sauce in the right amount of ink, and gently beat the wet rice paper to copy the pictures and pictures. When the rice paper and ink are dried or dried on the tablet, remove the four corners to fix, and finally remove the rice paper.

 
The basic method of rubbing : Firstly cleaning the stone surface,the part of pattern or text need to be brushed as far as possible. And then put on with the right size of rice paper cover it, and the paper should be gently wet, then put on a piece of soft wet paper on it in order to protect the rubbing paper, and then use a brush gently knock or beat on the protecting paper and make wet paper attached to the surface of rubbing closely. The rubbing paper need to be attached on its decorative pattern of text and ups and downs. Then remove the layer of paper, when the wet paper slightly dry, dip in the right amount of ink, apply evenly on the surface, in the protruding object gently beat, and then it will form rubbing of black and white.

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